What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a condition in which the nerve cells which transmit information from the eye
to the brain become damaged. This prevents visual information from getting from
the retina in the eye to the brain. Glaucoma is often associated with a build-up
of pressure in the eye. The eye is filled with fluid which is constantly being
replaced. If excessive amounts of fluid are produced, or if it cannot drain away
properly, the pressure inside the eye can increase. In some forms of Glaucoma,
the pressure inside the eye can become extremely high, but in other forms the
pressure may remain normal.
What causes Glaucoma?
The exact causes of Glaucoma are not known. In some cases the drainage network of
the eye may not be formed properly, or may become blocked by natural materials
or due to injury; in other cases there is no clear cause.
Is the damage that occurs in Glaucoma serious?
If untreated, Glaucoma can cause blindness. As the nerve cells are progressively
damaged, the ability to see objects in different parts of the visual field is
lost. The damage to the nerve cells cannot be reversed although it is often possible
to prevent further damage. This damage can progress until only central vision
is left or until the person is completely blind. The longer the disease is left
untreated, the greater is the likelihood of damage. Modern examination techniques
and treatment have made Glaucoma a rare cause of blindness in Australia.
How can I tell if I have Glaucoma?
Often you will not be aware that you have Glaucoma until it is too late. Usually there
are no symptoms until permanent damage has occurred. In some cases the increased
pressure in the eye will cause blurred vision, apparent coloured rings around
lights, loss of side vision, and pain and redness of the eye.
How does an optometrist diagnose Glaucoma?
To diagnose Glaucoma the optometrist looks at the nerve fibres at the back of the
eye, examines the eye's drainage network, measures the pressure in the eye with
a special instrument called a tonometer and sometimes tests the field of vision.
These tests are simple and painless.
How is Glaucoma treated?
Eye drops and medicine are used to treat Glaucoma initially. Surgery may be necessary
if the blockage in the drainage system cannot be removed in other ways. Your optometrist
will refer you to an eye specialist for treatment if they consider you have Glaucoma.
Can Glaucoma be prevented?
No. Early detection and treatment is the best way to control Glaucoma.
Who is likely to be affected by Glaucoma?
People over the age of 40 years are far more likely to have Glaucoma than younger people.
Also, Glaucoma tends to run in families. People with a blood relative who has
suffered from Glaucoma and people over 40 years of age are at risk and should
have their eyes checked regularly by an optometrist. |
